Is Belgian Federalism At Critical Juncture - 1373 Words

PSIR 303 Territorial Politics 127934 Alijan Artykov Is Belgian federalism at critical juncture? Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the basic processes pushes to federalism in Belgium,describe the current situation in the state and give my own assumption of future of the Belgium.I will use primarily official sourses and agreements to show different actors that can influence political sturcture 1.How Federation Was Established. To understand how Belgium into a federal system,we have to look into history of creation of Belgian State.Belgium was founded in 1830 as a result of Belgian Revolution with secession of southern provinces form Netherlands.Belgium has been an officially french-speaking constitutional monarchy.During 19th century in Belgium were 2 ethnic groups:Flanders(Dutch-speaking community) and Wallons(French-speaking community).After First World War received new lands from Germany and germans who lived on those territories became 3rd ethnic group in Belgium.Political elite at that time were french-speakers,which called upper class(bourgeoisie).While dutch-speakers make up a second

How Health Service Reform Has Influenced Access Of Organ...

Introduction The public health sector has experienced four major structural reforms. Over the period of reform, the key changes were designed to increase efficiency, improve health outcomes and reduce increasing health expenditures. This assignment will examine how health service reform has influenced access to organ donation. The primary focus will be towards live kidney donation. Further, it will critically provide an analysis to the nature of service delivery in the socio-cultural context that shapes current health policy in New Zealand (NZ). Moreover, the analysis will offer a methodology in executing the strategy. In NZ, the demand dialysis or renal replacement therapy (RRT) and a kidney transplant from a deceased or live donor is†¦show more content†¦Healthcare in NZ prior to 1840 can be best described as rural (Bamford-Wade, Nicholls, Tane, Mitchell, 2010, p. 78). NZ’s healthcare system which was based on the model adopted from the United Kingdom(UK) advanced following the colonial period. Exposure to innovations in surgery and health practices was a result of the First World War and disease outbreaks in the early 20th century. These events led to the centralisation of the structure of healthcare services to what was later recognised as the welfare state. Key challenges Maori and Pacific people have found it particularly difficult to get a transplant and are experiencing a higher burden of having of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure (ESRD) (Collins, 2010). ANZDTR reported that at the end of 2014 there were total of 4,306 people being treated for kidney failure: 2,678 people were on dialysis and 1,628 with a transplant: an increase of 4.1 percent for a period of one year (ANZDTR, 2014). The prevalence of dialysis and those that have had a kidney transplant has risen by 250 percent during the last 15 years (Kidney Health New Zealand, 2014). However, the current demand for kidney supply is not meeting the numbers needed as there is currently an excess of 550 patients listed to receive organs and only a 115 have had a transplant from a living or deceased donor in the year 2014 (ANZDTR, 2014). The Ministry of Health (MOH) has devised strategies and initiative to increase live kidney

The Technological Revolution Robo Brush

Question: Describe about the term for The Technological Revolution for Robo Brush? Answer: Robo Brush One use to comb hair almost every day multiple times. Combs are used for this purpose. This include a lot of steps such as detangling, scalp massage, setting etc. This takes time and effort and also sometimes seems to be a tedious job. Everyone likes to get a helping hand for this but mostly, they have to do this on their own. For this purpose, there was no technological device yet which could help to do these all without any effort. Many want to get rid of the process of detangling the hair and getting it properly groomed by themselves and are fond of getting it done by somebody else as they feel pampered when their hair scalp is massaged and blood flow is proper when the combing process is done properly (Shoham, 2013). So, a new device named Robo- Brush could be used for this which could do all this and could give an ecstatic feel of massage anytime and lessen the efforts of detangling. It is attached to a comfortable chair and is like inverted bowl with the movable bristles. There are various buttons in the panel attached to this device which could be used for various settings such as speed of hair brushing, brushing for scalp massage purpose or for detangling, adjusting according to the hair conditions, i.e., wet or dry, brush movement according to the length of hair, etc. There is also remote which could help to change settings according to the user with just few button clicks. This device could hence help t he users to have proper hair massage anytime without much effort. Its height could be adjusted according to the user. The bristles are made of different substances as per the preference of the user - it could be synthetic bristle, natural bristles, wood bristle, wet brush, etc. As per the willingness to pay, the types of bristles available in one set and types of settings and configurations could vary in the device (Merrin, 2014). The spacing in the bristles could be adjusted as for highly tangled hair, the space could be increased and as it gets detangled, spacing could be adjusted. Robo-Brush could be used on battery or could be directly plugged in. It could be available in variety of colors in which the most prominent ones are black, blue and white. This could be used by everyone and since most of the people like to get hair done by others as it makes them feel relaxed and detangling everyday is a tiresome process. A large market could be created in the coming time as people have very less time and everybody wants to keep himself or herself well groomed in terms of hair. For hair massages, they even use to go to parlors and pay hefty amounts for each time. By the introduction of this device, they could get this setup in their home only and according to their will, can configure the settings as well (Kawsar, 2013). Also, along with their hair getting groomed without their efforts, they could do some other tasks as they are free and just sitting on chair while getting their hair done. But, while using this, the user must be aware of few basic things such as the speed requirements. If one uses it on high speed and have fragile hair, it could lead to breakage (Mathieu, 2012). Also, settings should be done according to the hair types and should not be used for very small children as they could not explicitly advocate if they are facing any discomfort while getting their hair done due to lack of proper understanding. So, Robo- Brush is a very useful device with multiple functions which are not still available by any other technological device and could be very beneficial if used properly by understanding its correct mechanism. It is also not much expensive as most of the components are generic. In the current world where everything is getting machinated in order to decrease human indulgence, this would be preferred by many. For most of the people, it will create a good market as it meets the expectations of customers of getting their hair done without their efforts and in a proper efficient way. References: Feki, M. A., Kawsar, F., Boussard, M., Trappeniers, L. (2013). The internet of things: the next technological revolution.Computer, (2), 24-25. Mathieu, E., 2012.Hair Appliance Valet. U.S. Patent Application 13/365,331. Merrin, W., 2014. The rise of the gadget and hyperludic me-dia.Cultural Politics,10(1), pp.1-20. Shoham, A. and Pesmaa, O., 2013. Gadget loving: A test of an integrative model.Psychology Marketing,30(3), pp.247-262.

Sweeteners Essay Example For Students

Sweeteners Essay SweetenersSaccharin is an organic petroleum-based compound that is three to fivehundred times sweeter than sucrose. It is non-nutritive because the humanbody is unable to metabolize the foreign chemical. Saccharin does notcontribute calories; for this reason it is commonly used in diet foods. The obese feel that saccharin is their lifeline to slimdom, anddiabetics claim it is essential to control their blood sugar (Brody482). The same people who consume saccharin certainly would not knowinglyeat something that is classified as toxic waste; however, they do it on adaily basis. Saccharins alias is EPA Hazardous Waste number U202. Infact, workers who handle saccharin are cautioned, EXERCISE DUE CARE. AVOID CONTACT WITH EYES, SKIN, CLOTHING. WASH THOROUGHLY AFTER HANDLING. IF SWALLOWED, IF CONCIOUS, IMMEDIATELY INDUCE VOMITING (MSDS). We will write a custom essay on Sweeteners specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Saccharin has always been surrounded by controversy. As early as 1907,the public was concerned over its safety and proposed banning it. Theodore Roosevelt, a diabetic, fought the idea. He said, My doctorgives it to me every dayAnybody who says saccharin is injurious tohealth is an idiot(Corcoran 12). Saccharin survived the onslaught foranother forty years. It wasnt until the bittersweet chemical hit themainstream consumer market in such things as diet sodas, pharmaceuticals,and chewing gum that it came under fire again. Scientists suggested thatsaccharin might be a carcinogen in 1951. In 1958, however, saccharin wasadded to the GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) list, another paradox. In 1972, the results of a long-term study showed that rats fed saccharinhad developed bladder tumors. Subsequently, the Food and DrugAdministration (FDA) removed saccharin from GRAS status and issued aregulation limiting the use of saccharin in foods. Then in 1974, aNational Academy of Science review f ound that, Saccharin itself could notbe identified as the cause of the tumors because of possible impurities aswell as problems with experimental design and procedures (Kennedy 131). Therefore, the FDA decided not to ban saccharin until they received theresults of a study being conducted in Canada. In March 1977, the Canadian study showed that feeding large doses ofsaccharin to pregnant rats and their weanlings produced bladder cancers inthe male offspring. The Canadians immediately banned saccharin. When theFDA announced its intentions to follow suit, public outcry led to aCongressionally voted eighteen-month moratorium. The American peoplewanted more time to evaluate the results of the study. Shortlythereafter, Congress enacted the Saccharin Study and Labeling Act, whichstayed the FDAs hand temporarily and ordered a warning label on allsaccharin products: Use of this product may be hazardous to your health. This product contains saccharin which has been determined to cause cancerin laboratory animals (Brody 482-483). Nonetheless, the moratorium hascontinually been extended until the present day. During 1978 and 1979, the National Cancer Institute and FDA conducted apopulation-based study on the possible role of saccharin in causingbladder cancer in humans. In general, people in the study who used anartificial sweetener had no greater risk of bladder cancer than thepopulation as a whole. However, when only the data for heavy users wasexamined, there was some suggestive evidence of an increased risk,particularly in persons who consumed both diet drinks and sugarsubstitutes and who used at least one of these two forms heavily(Carcinogenicity). In the study, heavy use was defined as merely six ormore servings of sugar substitute or two or more 8-ounce servings of dietdrink daily. Consequently, several studies have found that people withbladder cancer were more likely to have eaten food that containedsaccharin than were people who didnt have bladder cancer. The NationalCancer Institute compared the diets of 5,800 similar people who weredisease-free to the diets of 3,000 men and w omen with bladder cancer. Those who reported consuming high levels of saccharin on a daily basiswere found to be at a higher risk for association to poorly differentiatedbladder tumors (Corcoran 13). .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 , .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .postImageUrl , .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 , .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:hover , .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:visited , .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:active { border:0!important; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:active , .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3 .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ued3594c9a54c9d3d867a917264d918f3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chemicals Analysis EssaySaccharine is the most widely used sugar substitute in the world, and yetwe still do not fully understand its effects on the human body. Drinkingone can of diet soda per day can increase the risk of bladder cancer bysixty percent (Goulhart). The fact that it has never been conclusivelyproven to cause cancer in humans does not make saccharin safe. A dollarsworth of saccharin will do the sweetening of twenty dollars worth ofsugar; for this reason, the FDA will not decisively ban the chemicalsweetener. They are waiting for the results of

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Brain Imaging

Conflict Resolution Paper Essay Example

Conflict Resolution Paper Essay Example Conflict Resolution Paper Essay Conflict Resolution Paper Essay Conflict Resolution Paper As nurses, it is imperative that we have skills to deal with conflict we encounter throughout the day. Some conflicts are easily handled with simple solutions; other disagreements can persist for weeks or even months and never be handled in a proper way to resolve the situation. The later kind of situation can create resentment, anger, and animosity between employees or colleagues. In this paper I will describe a conflict situation with resolution strategies used by the confronter, discuss other ways to resolve the conflict, and discuss the conflict theory most beneficial to use with a diverse group of people. Introduction The emergency department (ED) I work at employs patient care technicians (PCTs) to help with various tasks that can be delegated. PCTs have very important roles in all nursing settings, and it is true for my ED as well. Often times PCTs are being pulled in different directions as many patients need help with daily living and tasks that can be completed by non-licensed healthcare providers. PCTs jobs are invaluable to the department and the nurses. In the past, we had three PCTs for our 24 bed ER. Each PCT was assigned to a section with two nurses and eight patient rooms. Every nurse could call any of the available PCTs for help. This has created a situation where nurses and PCTs got frustrated. Nurses got upset because at times all three techs were helping in other sections and there was nobody to help in their own sections. PCTs were frustrated because they felt that they were being pulled in every direction. This system was creating a situation that was not working out for effective patient care and produced a tense working environment. PCTs felt underappreciated and over used. Because PCTs did not have a standard section, they did not feel that they made a difference in patient care. They also felt like they were not helping out the nurse, or getting the job done. The PCTs personal job satisfaction was not met. The nurses’ attitude changed toward the PCTs. Some nurses felt that some of the PCTs were playing favoritism toward some of the nurses. Other nurses stopped asking for help and did the job on their own. The added work has created extra stress on the nurse and caused resentment toward the PCT. Nurses were unhappy and felt like they could not count on the help from the PCTs. Eventually this flawed system also affected patient care. Nurses had to prioritize. Taking care of patients by facilitating diagnostic testing, lab testing, medicating patients, and keeping patients alive was more important than, for example, bringing them a warm blanket or snacks. Patients had to sometimes wait for a long time to get disconnected from the monitors to go to the restroom. As a result, patient satisfaction has declined. Conflict Resolution Strategy Used The conflict management demonstrated by the parties involved is avoidance. According to Kelly 2010, there is a disadvantage of this conflict management method. Ignoring the conflict can create a bigger conflict than anticipated, and the source of the problem is more important to one of the parties than the other† (Kelly, 2010, p. 160). This is true for the situation described above. The problem was more important to nurses as it hindered our jobs and made us look bad from the patients’ perspective as evidenced by the declining patient satisfaction scores. The conf lict was suppressed by the involved parties that led to new feelings and attitudes. Not handling a conflict in an effective way has negative effects. Some of the outcomes we can see from avoiding a conflict are low job satisfaction and high work related stress (Wright, 2011). Other outcomes can be identified as burnout among health care workers which can result in â€Å"absenteeism, reduced quality of healthcare delivery, and higher organizational cost, emotional exhaustion, and depersonalized feelings toward patients and coworkers† (Wright, 2011, p. 7). We can see from the conflict described in the scenario that avoiding is counterproductive. Avoidance results in resolution being delayed rather than resolving the issue in a timely manner (Eason Brown, 1999). The ill feelings between PCTs and nurses were created by avoiding talking about the problem for a long time. Avoidance resulted in a snowball effect of increasing resentment and anger between the two groups. Conflict Transformational Theory Solving conflict using the transformational theory is beneficial. According to Chinn (2008), using the conflict transformation theory, the conflict transformation is used before there is a conflict. Any rising issue is addressed in a constructive way, paying attention to possible lessons learned (Chinn, 2008). Using the transformational theory would have revented the bad feelings towards each other. It is not one person’s responsibility to try to resolve a conflict (Chinn, 2008). If transformational theory were used in the described situation, the problem would have been addressed much earlier. Management would have called for a meeting where everybody would have had a chance to voice their problem according to the transformational steps an d theory described below. As a disagreement arises, the group follows specific steps to come to a solution. Chinn (2008), describes four steps of critical reflection. First, each member has a chance to describe the how â€Å"I feel†¦Ã¢â‚¬  about the conflict (Chinn, 2008). In the second step, the group focuses on â€Å"when (or about)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  where the team states the events that lead to the conflict, acknowledging individuals involved (Chinn, 2008). In the third and fourth steps, the members state what they want to see changed and their rationale (Chinn, 2008). It is important to understand how to communicate feelings that are non-threatening and to the point. Using the conflict transformation theory the person avoids using a statement that labels, blames, or places guilt on another person (Chinn, 2008). Constructive statements that state your feeling and identifies the facts of what has happened should be used (Chinn, 2008). Sharing feelings in a non-threatening way allows more discussion (Chinn, 2008). We need to learn to respond to critical reflection without becoming defensive or getting upset. When we are responsible for the conflict, we can learn to respond constructively by following these steps. Listen to what the person is saying, wait for the others’ perspective of the situation in the group, and think about the critical reflection (Chinn, 2008). After these steps we can often make a decision of the fairness of the allegations. Using these steps allows us to respond to a critical reflection in a constructive way that does not sound defensive or apologetic. Present gossip in a positive way. People usually envision gossip as negative, but we can exhibit gossip in a helpful way (Chinn, 2008). To avoid rumors that blames or have potentially damaging affect on the other person, be able to name the purpose of the gossip (Chinn, 2008). According to the conflict transformation theory, when we talk about other people we should present the information in a way that could open the possibilities for greater sympathy and acceptance (Chinn, 2008). Using gossip positively avoids hurting others. It is essential to be able to deal with conflicts and feelings of anger. Feeling angry towards a situation is a clue that something needs to change (Chinn, 2008). At times, it is not possible to see a solution until we take a break away from the conflict (Chinn, 2008). Another way to learn to cope with feelings of anger is rehearsing through role play (Chinn, 2008). Use a situation that occurred in the past and practice when not feeling irritated (Chinn, 2008). Understanding ways to deal with irritating situations is important. Conflict Resolution for Diverse Groups of People We encounter conflict on a daily basis. Some examples of origins of conflict among coworkers can be differences in individual personality characteristics, people with different cultural backgrounds, and between nurse-patients, or nurse-physician (Albardiaz, 2009). Conflict is unavoidable, but it is important to be able to handle it efficiently. The first step in conflict resolution starts with one’s self. To improve our conflict resolution abilities we need to understand our own tendencies, patterns, and beliefs (Smith-Trudeau, 2011). This requires us to look inside ourselves and analyze our values (Smith-Trudeau, 2011). Understanding our own beliefs will help us in resolving challenging conflicts. Collaborative approach to solve a conflict is advantageous. This style is also known as mutual gains, because it aims for the idea of â€Å"win-win† for the parties concerned (Smith-Trudeau, 2011). The parties involved exchange information openly, identify their problems, and outline alternatives to solve these problems (Smith-Trudeau, 2011). Collaborative model â€Å"requires confidence, trust, understanding, empathy, sincerity, and honesty between parties† (Albardiaz, 2009, p. 469). Nurses need to be able to recognize and work with nurses from diverse groups. Diversity in nursing can arise from different cultural background, educational and language differences, and different perceptions through generations or life experiences (Kelly, 2010). Being aware of differences among co-workers helps us communicate more effectively. Nurses need to be aware of that some nurses possess different cultural and educational background. According to Kelly (2008), there are an increasing number of nurses with other than White racial background, who may have different perceptions about nursing and nursing roles. For example, Philippine American nurses feel that caring bedside nursing is the core of nursing, whereas some American nurses feel devalued and would delegate some bedside care tasks (Kelly, 2010). Recognizing different personal value systems through diverse culture or education, we can accept the differences among us. It is important to communicate effectively with nurses whose English language is the second language. To avoid potentially harmful errors, we must take the time to clarify and understand what is being communicated to us (Kelly, 2010). Because of insecurity or other reasons, the foreign nurse may not be comfortable asking for clarification, it is a good idea to ask and make sure that the other person understands what we are conveying. American nurses need to avoid using slang terms and regional expressions, as nurses from other countries may not understand these expressions (Kelly, 2010). Being able to communicate effectively with co-workers who speak English as a second language is essential. Diversities can occur among generations. Age differences between generations can be as much as 15-20 years (Kelly, 2010). Perceptions about work and work ethics can vary between generations (Kelly, 2010). The older generation was raised with more discipline. The baby boomer generation aim for â€Å"material gain, recognition, promotions, and job security† (Kelly, 2010, p. 369). The X generation is willing to change jobs to advance in their careers (Kelly, 2010). Understanding the different goals and needs of the various generations helps us create a harmonious work environment. Conclusion I have described a conflict situation and the resolution strategy used by the parties to resolve the conflict, discussed an alternate outcome if transformational conflict resolution was used for the same situation, and talked about the importance of nurses ability and ways to work with diverse group of people. There are different ways to handle conflicts. In this scenario described above, the involved parties used the avoidance conflict theory. This theory is the least favorable way to handle a conflict as it is a no-win situation for everybody involved. The transformation conflict theory is a better way to resolve conflicts. Following the transformation conflict resolution theory, groups handle any arising situation using specific steps (Chinn, 2008). The transformational theory addresses effective ways to handle disagreements, gossip, and situations with angry feelings (Chinn, 2008). As nurses, we come in contact with a diverse group of people. Differences can be cultural, educational, language or generational (Kelly, 2010). To work together and communicate effectively nurses need to be aware and accept the differences among us. References Albardiaz, R. (2009). Teaching confrontation skills: a session on conflict resolution. Teaching Exchange, 468-470. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. midwives. org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=5hid=125sid=d833e545-0740-4741-9a95-e4998d4255c7%40sessionmgr113 Chinn, P. L. (2008). Peace and Power Creating Leadership for Building Community (7th ed. ). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Eason, F. R. , Brown, S. T. (1999, May/June). Conflict management: assessing educational needs. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development , 15(3), 92-96. Retrieved from http://ovidsp. tx. ovid. com. ezproxy. midwives. org/sp-3. 5. 0b/ovidweb. cgi? QS2=434f4e1a73d37e8c8c813b19b627f4de8d868e031599e58b19a6962168e5e38f2c9e74de90c3c679ed7417e86f3ec25584c2e3724ff5c85ef0b4fed8353f31d27c15b3c1ac05cb289723e85b272b75e5ede5f23b4c6ef5da123498753614e23765967ace81f8584f007eebec43d3bc04a6912b38b317edefd30151eae0998aaacd1586aca8ad8014eec5587bbdb5866ec3ca6d3194815ecd929488e6947617e46b23c6747dfa06b1b33ddb001ad0636d3ef9255996d400ac8e607b0025b5d0793c03a95b1c2dd8050cd27e232f01e28ab45fddb825f6ea8a9d35543328daa78653ac860879115be3f13a620b5baa9820faaa1b794349943562335768002b76f63560748ab52cd6cbc6455b9f1d7d52a98c0369ede9843babe143edf2156f8b4538e834632382b10cef2c304126f6f203113a383eacf8c182e83e6f45c444cd7101ec2504152918cbc66b26f46f8f2fc5b3de21c49a7fb923f3bcccd2d938fff8c6272dba8eb5e324145efb85405eabaa7697241dd647a6c9ed1a4eee85d93086 Kelly, P. (2010). Essentials of Nursing Leadership Management (2nd ed. ). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. Mahon, M. , Nicotera, A. (2011, April/June). Nursing and conflict communication: avoidance as preferred strategy. Nursing

Mental Health Issue Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words - 1

Mental Health Issue - Coursework Example Interestingly, the legal aspect of this issue is also detailed in the guide. Cindy has a responsible job as a software engineer in a multinational company but she feels she is unable to advance in her career because of her inability to contribute in group meetings. It’s almost more than what she could bear just to sit in on meetings, let alone offer her opinions. Yesterday, her boss approaches her about the possibility of giving a presentation about their latest product to some customers. At that point, she began to be nervous and could not open her mouth to talk at all. He walks out of her boss’s office with lack of self-confidence and later refuses to give the presentation. Phobias can be defined as the persistent and irrational fears that affect some people when they come into contact with external factors (stimuli) (Morgan, 2003). There are different categories of phobias based on the sources of stimuli, to which the persons affected withdraw or move away from. Examples of these categories are:- (i) Agoraphobia:- this is irrational and persistent fears about being in a place crowded with many other people, and which might make escape impossible in case there is a sudden danger (Gray, 1994). This may happen with or without a panic attack. (ii) Social phobia:- This is irrational and persistent fears about participating in a social or public event. A chronic form of social phobia also leads to avoidance behavior as the affected person keep running away from social duties (Kleiman, 1988). Cindy is affected by this kind of phobia as she dodges her duties. (iii) Specific phobias:- These are irrational and persistent fears to some specific stimuli. Examples of these stimuli include but are not limited to animal types, natural environment types, situational types, blood-injection injury etc. (Lefton, 1997). Several researches have